Which of the following numeric systems prioritizes Arabic numerals?

The correct answer is the Metric system. This system is a decimal-based numeric system used universally in science and most countries for measurement, and it is structured around units of ten. Arabic numerals, which include the digits 0 through 9, are the foundation of this system, making calculations and conversions straightforward and systematic. For example, in the Metric system, lengths are measured in meters, and these can easily be converted into other units such as centimeters or kilometers using multiplication or division by powers of ten.

In contrast, the other systems mentioned do not prioritize Arabic numerals in the same way. The Customary and Imperial systems often utilize fractions and varied units (such as inches, feet, gallons) which do not adhere to a decimal-based organization. The Apothecary system, used historically in medicine, is based on ounces and grains, also deviating from the simplicity and uniformity of the Metric system. Thus, when it comes to a system that organizes measurements through Arabic numerals effectively, the Metric system stands out as the clear choice.