Which of the following is both an immunosuppressant and a DMARD?

Methotrexate is recognized as both an immunosuppressant and a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). As an immunosuppressant, it works by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, which ultimately suppresses the proliferation of rapidly dividing immune cells, thereby reducing the activity of the immune system. This property makes it effective in conditions where overactive immune responses are a problem, such as rheumatoid arthritis and certain types of autoimmune diseases.

In its role as a DMARD, methotrexate helps slow down the progression of disease and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. It alters the course of the disease rather than simply alleviating symptoms, which is a distinguishing feature of DMARDs. By reducing inflammation and joint damage, methotrexate plays a pivotal role in managing chronic inflammatory conditions, contributing to improved long-term health outcomes for patients.

The other options do not fit both categories: colchicine is primarily an anti-inflammatory agent used for gout; alendronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis; and piroxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief. They do not possess the immunosuppressive properties or the disease